نشریه مدیریت و پژوهش های دفاعی
پیاپی 88 (تابستان 1399)

Maintaining preparedness for facing potential future threats is an important task of the vigilant futurist military planners and thinkers in any country. The enmity of the American regime against the people of Iran, after the victory of the Islamic Revolution, is quite obvious to all. The presence of the US Navy and its military allies in the Persian Gulf has brought about serious threats, and is an indication of a permanent and direct US military attendance in the region. The researchers are concerned about the question that in the event of a possible war with the US in the Persian Gulf, how powerful the Phalanx cannon's anti-missile defense of US destroyers, which are extensively used in various operational regions and are also one of the most important US surface warships, will be. The data are collected by documentary method and by taking notes through descriptive-analytical method. Phalanx cannon anti-missile’s defense capability, including fast shooting, survey, reconnaissance, targeting, tracking, evaluation, collision capability, firing and automatically target destruction, were much better than manual control. However, this system suffers from some deficiencies including weak simultaneous engagement with multiple targets, firing from blind spots angles, ammunition shortages, operator and system errors, imitated capability of recognizing the targets or imposing more destructive power, limited shooting time and short range and weak continuous firing during combat.

Military intelligence has always been an important and fundamental factor in battle management and rational conduct of war from the past to the present, and will play a unique role as forming the first step in any offensive or defensive battle. The significant role of data, information and knowledge is not unknown for anyone. Superiority in the field of information leads to superiority in other aspects, including decision-making and action. Moreover, the role of geographical sciences in general cannot be ignored in the cycle and process of military information. This role is so important that the consideration of geographical components in any military information plan and its use and application in military operations can be quite effective in advancing the predetermined goals. This research a qualitative research which follows descriptive method and analytical approach to answer the following question: “What is the role of geographical sciences in military intelligence?” Moreover, data collection for this research is implemented by documentary method. Finally, the group of geographical sciences in three areas of human geography, natural geography and interdisciplinary geography were assessed and the unique role of the geographical sciences in the cycle and process of military intelligence was explained. The results indicated that any military intelligence plan would be doomed to failure without considering geographical components.

In the unpredictable environmental situation caused by international sanctions, which has put increasing pressures on organizations, it seems quite essential to investigate the relationship between resilience and technology and identify effective factors in technology resilience facing severe fluctuations and disruptions. This study aims at identifying the factors which enhance the technology resilience of organizations and investigating their relationship to define the extent to which these factors are affected by and affect on one another. With this regard, having a comprehensive review of the literature in all fields of resilience, the researchers arranged a list of factors affecting the resilience of organizational technology in relation to complex technology. Afterwards, using Fuzzy-Delphi method and applying the opinion of experts, insignificant factors were eliminated. Applying the structural-interpretive modeling (ISM) approach to the identified factors, the researchers defined relationships between these factors. The stimulus-dependent relationships between the factors were explained through Micmac Analysis. In order to validate the research, a defense organization was selected as the case study. The results indicated that factors related to the organizations infrastructure in relation to resilience should be prioritized for implementation.  Close attention must be paid to other factors as well because many linking and mediating factors are present in this model.

Sociologists have considered the necessity of applying new approaches for employing the conscripts due to the change of global situation and entering into the era of soft war and economic war. Studies have shown that the traditional method of employing the conscripts have become obsolete in most countries of the world, and new methods are being applied in accordance with social, economic political and military conditions of country. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the sociological factors affecting the empowerment of border guards in Ilam province in 2018. This is a descriptive-correlational survey research. The statistical population includes all the conscripts serving in the Border Command of Ilam province, of whom 501 are selected as a statistical sample by Cochran's formula through stratified random sampling method. Two researcher-made questionnaires at Likert’s five-option scale were used for data collection. Descriptive statistics such as the mean, variance and standard deviation were used for data analysis. Furthermore, correlation test (Pearson correlation coefficient) and multiple regression were used to test the hypotheses in the inferential statistics section. The results revealed that the variables of group participation (0.278), environmental pleasantness (0.315), job satisfaction (0.445), feeling secure (0.239), and social trust (0.431) explained the dependent variable. Multiple regression coefficient was 0.62 and the coefficient of multiple determination came out to be 0.48. All in all, the whole significant independent variable in the model was able to explain 0.48 of the dependent variable, i.e. enhancement of the quality of empowerment of the border guards of the law enforcement force, and 0.52 were explained by variables outside the model.

This research is aimed at identifying the effective factors influencing attraction of the youth to Basij as the total defense strategy. According to the research question, regarding the effective factors influencing the attraction of the youth to Basij, an exploratory method was used. Eight factors and the items related to each of them were identified and were presented to 129 experts to judge. This is an exploratory mixed research combining quantitative and qualitative approaches which contains interviews and questionnaires for data collection. Data analysis revealed that, the mean of the effective factors in attracting young people to Basij was more than average, and the F tables were smaller than the critical value at the level of 5% error allowance. Since the role of factors relating to economy, intuition, politics, culture, military, threats, and managerial factors acquired an average of 4.84, with a degree of freedom of 128 and a significance level of 0.000, the research hypotheses were confirmed. The most important factor in attracting young people to Basij for a comprehensive defense strategy relating to the factor of belief with an average rank of 4.14.

A very important issue in wars, playing a great role in planning and achieving victory, regards the recognition of the principles of war. Designing and reviewing the principles of war indicates that war, as a human phenomenon, is based on a set of faithful, rational, epistemological, moral and empirical principles. All scholars and experts, propose decisive principles for war on the basis of their worldview and philosophy about the universe. In the same way, Amir al-m’omenin, the Imam, and the leader of the society, who was aware of politics, mindful of the principles and criteria of military and combat, had a divine and transcendent worldview, possessed a moral and spiritual philosophy towards life, have considered the principles and criteria for war. He has founded his views about war on such principles. The question of this research regards the principles of war from the point of view of Amir al-M’omenin (AS). The findings of this descriptive-analytical normative research using inferential statistics and documentary/library method, revealed that, in Imam Ali’s point of view, the principles of war can be classified into two general human-spiritual and scientific-technical dimensions. These two dimensions, especially the first one, are fundamentally different from the view of most specialists in this field.